Nipah Outbreak, 2013
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Nipah Infection in 2013
Update on 15 May, 2013
Situation Update:
As of 15May 2013, 24 cases of Nipah virus infection have been reported in Bangladesh since the beginning of 2013, of which 21 cases have died. These cases are from 13 different districts (Gaibandha, Jhinaidaha, Kurigram, Kushtia, Magura, Manikgonj, Mymenshingh, Naogaon, Natore, Nilphamari, Pabna, Rajbari, Rajshahi). The age distribution of cases is from 8 months to 60 years. Sixteen cases are male and eight are females.
Nipah
Human Nipah virus (NiV) infection, an emerging zoonotic disease, was first recognized in a large outbreak of 276 reported cases in Malaysia and Singapore from September 1998 through May 1999.
Agent
NiV is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus belonging to genus Henipavirus. It is an enveloped RNA virus.
Incubation period
The median incubation period of the secondary cases who had a single exposure to Nipah case was nine days (range 6–11 days) but exposure to onset of illness varies from 6-16 days. The median incubation period following single intake of raw date palm sap to onset of illness is 7 days (range: 2-12 days) in Bangladesh.
Transmission:
- Drinking of raw date palm sap (kancha khejurer rosh) contaminated with NiV
- Close physical contact with Nipah infected patients
Surveillance
Nipah surveillance began in 2006, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) in collaboration with ICDDR,B established Nipah surveillance in 10 District level Government hospitals of the country where Nipah outbreaks had been identified. Presently surveillance system is functioning in five hospitals of Nipah Belt.
Description of Nipah Patients in 2013
| Age in year | Sex | Address | Outcome |
| 24 | Male | Rajbari | Death |
| 11 | Male | Jhenaidah | Death |
| 8 | Male | Naogaon | Death |
| 35 | Female | Nator | Death |
| 0.7 | Male | Natore | Alive |
| 9 | Male | Gaibandha | Death |
| 8 | Male | Mymensingh | Death |
| 41 | Male | Mymensingh | Death |
| 3 | Female | Pabna | Alive |
| 43 | Male | Pabna | Death |
| 30 | Female | Rajshahi | Death |
| 48 | Male | Nilphamari | Death |
| 7 | Male | Kurigram | Death |
| 55 | Male | Nilphamari | Death |
| 45 | Female | Nilphamari | Death |
| 5 | Female | Kushtia | Death |
| 32 | Male | Naogaon | Death |
| 40 | Male | Naogaon | Death |
| 1.8 | Male | Magura | Death |
| 53 | Male | Manikganj | Death |
| 39 | Female | Manikganj | Death |
| 7 | Female | Manikganj | Alive |
| 60 | Female | Manikganj | Death |
| 30 | Male | Manikganj | Death |
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